Infectious Diseases and Related Beliefs in Abkhazia

Abstract

Among the traditional beliefs and representations of the modern Abkhazian population, the infectious disease batonebi and its associated customs are noteworthy. Batonebi is a general name for infectious diseases, which is widespread in almost all corners of Georgia. The names of pantobia-type diseases were mentioned with modesty in traditional societies, which indicated their divine nature. According to ethnographic materials, batonebi are believed to be angels sent by God. Pantobia has been widespread since ancient times therefore, completely different customs for its care and treatment have survived, which have also undergone certain changes over time.
Customs related to gentlemen, despite certain similarities, differ significantly from customs attested in different parts of Georgia. Diseases were distinguished by their complexity and severity. Each disease was characterized by its symptoms, and in case of complications, the sick person could be left with the disease for several years. Medical treatment of diseases was prohibited. For diseases, a flowering branch of a tree decorated with colorful pieces and toys, the so-called disease, was presented to the diseased person. Here, the symbol of the tree of life can be seen. The ideas about the tree of life and fertility seem widespread, both in Abkhazia and throughout Georgia.
At the behest of the masters, the sick person was confined to an isolated room and tried to satisfy all his desires. The room was decorated with red cloth, and the bed and pillows were covered with red, because the masters loved the color red and rested on it. If the masters became angry and the sick person became upset, a ritual of apology was performed. The customs related to the masters, despite some similarities, differ significantly from the customs attested in different parts of Georgia. In Abkhazia, the masters were sharply differentiated.